Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. Embryonic Stem (ES) cells are pluripotent. This means they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

Simply defining, embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, which means that they have the ability to differentiate into organized masses of tissues or organs.

The results of this experiment suggested an improvement in locomotor recovery in spinal cord-injured rats after a 7-day delayed transplantation of human ES cells that were pushed towards an oligodendrocytic lineage.

One of the greatest advantages of embryonic stem cell research is the possibilities associated to cloning. Embryonic stem cells are the ideal candidates for cloning. They contain information on every cell in the body and they can be manipulated in nearly any way imaginable. Scientists believe they can grow limbs and organs that could be transplanted into humans. These could be exact DNA matches which would make the transplant process more efficient and have a greater chance of succeeding.

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were first derived from mouse embryos in 1981 by Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman and independently by Gail R. Martin. Gail R. Martin is credited with coining the term ‘Embryonic Stem Cell‘. A breakthrough in human embryonic stem cell research came in November 1998 when a group led by James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin-Madison first developed a technique to isolate and grow the cells when derived from human blastocysts.

Embryonic stem cell research has been promoted because it has the ability to cure a number of deadly diseases.

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Stem cell research, though limited in the United States, is going ahead at a feverish pace in many other countries.  Most European countries have government backed stem cell research programs.  It is not the intention of this site or author to get into a political discussion on the ethics of stem cell therapy, only to show that it works and can be very useful in easing human suffering and returning some adults to a near normal level of functioning.

The most politically charged and ethic-bending form of stem cell research involves embryonic stem cells.  The cells of an unborn fetus are used to test their ability to repair and regrow adult tissue.  Most people are unaware, or ignore, that the adult body naturally carries its own stem cells.  These cells exist to repair tissue damage.  Some of today’s cutting edge stem cell research is done with those cells that are taken directly from a patients body and used to regrow tissue and re-implant it into the donor’s own body.

A case in point of this type of stem cell therapy would be Claudia Castillo.  A young mother of two who had suffered from tuberculosis for several years.  A severe bout left her with a badly damaged lung that doctors thought may have to be removed.  Dr. Paolo Macchiarini thought that a windpipe transplant would do, instead.  As with most transplants the biggest fear is that the new organ will be rejected, but if you use the patients own stem cells to line the new organ, the body is less likely to reject it.  After a donor organ was found it was stripped of all cells, Ms Castillo’s stem cells were taken from bone marrow in her hip and used to line the new windpipe with her own cells.  At this time she is living a near normal life without having to take immuno-suppressent drugs.  These drugs can cause high blood pressure and cancer.

I have simplified the process quite a bit, but the end results are well documented in the San Francisco newspapers and the American Society of Transplantation Journal. The ramifications of this type of stem cell research are enormous.  Not only can it be applied to windpipe transplants for adults and children, but why not arthritis sufferers or people with chronic inflammatory bursitis.  The worn out tissue can be replaced by cells that are currently in your body, thus minimizing rejection and nearly eliminating any ethical or religious arguments to the treatment.

There is currently research going on into the use of adult stem cells in cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, arthritis, and many auto-immune disorders.  The debate still rages on about the use of embryonic stem cells, but where and what are the issues with an adult using their own cells to help heal themselves?  There are products available that claim to be able to enhance adult stem cell production all naturally.  I can not tell you what to do, but I can not see any reason that this type of research should not be used to ease the pain and stiffness of elderly patients so that they can have a better quality of life, later in life.

Gregg Camp is an experienced Santa Cruz real estate broker. If you want to search for Santa Cruz eco-friendly homes or find out where the most energy efficient homes in Santa Cruz are, go to PropertyInSantaCruz.com and find yourself a great home by the beach.



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